Order of operations
This calculator follows standard mathematical precedence rather than evaluating left to right, which is why it gives 14 for 2+3*4 rather than 20. Multiplication and division bind more tightly than addition and subtraction, and exponentiation binds more tightly still.
Two details are worth knowing because calculators disagree on them. Exponentiation here is right-associative, so 2^3^2 evaluates as 2^(3^2) = 512, matching mathematical convention. And unary minus binds more loosely than exponentiation, so -2^2 gives -4, the same as -(2^2). If you want the square of negative two, write (-2)^2.
| Level | Operation | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Parentheses | (2 + 3) × 4 = 20 |
| 2 | Functions and factorials | sin(30), 5! = 120 |
| 3 | Exponents, right to left | 2^3^2 = 2^9 = 512 |
| 4 | Unary minus | −2^2 = −4 |
| 5 | Multiply, divide, modulo, left to right | 8 ÷ 2 × 3 = 12 |
| 6 | Add and subtract, left to right | 2 + 3 × 4 = 14 |
Supported functions
Type function names directly followed by a parenthesis. Trigonometric functions respect the degrees or radians setting; the inverse functions return values in the same mode.
| Name | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| sin, cos, tan | Trigonometric ratios of an angle | sin(30) = 0.5 in degree mode |
| asin, acos, atan | Inverse trigonometry; returns an angle | atan(1) = 45 in degree mode |
| sinh, cosh, tanh | Hyperbolic functions | cosh(0) = 1 |
| ln | Natural logarithm, base e | ln(e) = 1 |
| log, log10 | Logarithm base 10 | log(1000) = 3 |
| log2 | Logarithm base 2 | log2(1024) = 10 |
| sqrt, cbrt | Square and cube root | cbrt(27) = 3 |
| exp | e raised to a power | exp(2) = 7.389056 |
| abs, sign | Absolute value; sign of a number | abs(−4.2) = 4.2 |
| floor, ceil, round | Round down, up, or to nearest | ceil(2.1) = 3 |
| x! | Factorial (postfix) | 6! = 720 |
| ^ | Power | 2^10 = 1024 |
| % | Modulo (remainder) | 17 % 5 = 2 |
Degrees versus radians
This is the single most common source of wrong trigonometric answers. Degrees divide a full turn into 360 parts and are typical in geometry, surveying, and everyday use. Radians measure angle as arc length over radius, giving 2π for a full turn, and are required in calculus because the derivative of sin(x) is cos(x) only when x is in radians.
Check the mode before trusting a trig result. sin(90) is 1 in degrees but approximately 0.894 in radians — both are correct answers to different questions. Convert with degrees = radians × 180/π.
| Angle | Radians | sin | cos | tan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0° | 0 | 0 = 0.0000 | 1 = 1.0000 | 0 = 0.0000 |
| 30° | 0.1667π | 1/2 = 0.5000 | √3/2 = 0.8660 | √3/3 = 0.5774 |
| 45° | 0.25π | √2/2 = 0.7071 | √2/2 = 0.7071 | 1 = 1.0000 |
| 60° | 0.3333π | √3/2 = 0.8660 | 1/2 = 0.5000 | √3 = 1.7321 |
| 90° | 0.5π | 1 = 1.0000 | 0 = 0.0000 | undefined |
Constants
Two constants are built in and can be typed by name: pi (or the symbol π) and e. The others below are here for reference; enter them as expressions, for instance sqrt(2) or (1+sqrt(5))/2.
| Constant | Value | What it is |
|---|---|---|
| π (pi) | 3.14159265… | Ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter |
| e | 2.71828183… | Base of natural logarithms; limit of (1 + 1/n)^n |
| √2 | 1.41421356… | Diagonal of a unit square |
| φ (golden ratio) | 1.61803399… | (1 + √5) ÷ 2 |
Implicit multiplication and other shortcuts
The parser accepts implicit multiplication, so 2(3+4), 2pi, and 3sin(45) all work as written. This is convenient but can be ambiguous in hand-written notation, so when precedence matters, parentheses are always clearer than relying on a convention.
The keyboard works anywhere on the page: digits and operators type, Enter evaluates, Escape clears, and letters spell function names. The result of each calculation is stored and can be reused with the Ans key, which is useful for chaining a sequence of operations without retyping intermediate values.